by eclewis | Oct 15, 2014 | IP Law
We’ve already discussed the most popular open source software license, the GNU General Public License (GPL), as part of our series on open source software licenses, but this time we will review a common variation of the GPL known as the Lesser GPL and the Apache License.
As a reminder, open source software licenses generally allows users to make use of, change, and share the software with others without limitation, while also providing the complete source code to the user.
The GNU Lesser General Public License (LGPL)
The LGPL is essentially the same as the GPL and it will keep the LGPL licensed software free, but there is one critical distinction. It allows users of the LGPL software to combine it with other software, whether it is free or proprietary. This is done in a relatively simple fashion by taking the original GPL and adding permissions to it (this is done by removing section 3 of the GPL and replacing it with the LGPL language).
If you want to permit your software to be combined with proprietary software, use the LGPL, if you want to restrict it to being combined with freely distributable software, go with the GPL. To release software under the LGPL, simply add “Lesser” before “General” in all three places found in the instructions to the GPL, and include the text of the LGPL in addition to that of the GPL with the software and source code.
Apache License
Apache is another popular open source software license that is used for the Apache Web Server software, which is and has been the most popular web server on the internet since 1996. It is also the license used by Google for the Android mobile operating system.
The Apache License is different from the GPL in that it does not use any “copyleft,” meaning it does not require modifications or derivative works of the software to also be licensed under the same terms as the original software. You are also not required to provide the source code when you distribute the software to others.
Like the GPL and LGPL, the Apache license disclaims warranties, protect you from liability and others patenting your work, and requires them to give you credit in their future works, as well as note any modifications to it. Therefore, if you are not interested in “copyleft” limitations, the Apache license may make sense for you.
This is the language you use to apply the Apache License to your software, which includes a link to the full language:
Copyright YEAR NAME OF COPYRIGHT OWNER
Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the “License”);
you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
You may obtain a copy of the License at
http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
distributed under the License is distributed on an “AS IS” BASIS,
WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
limitations under the License.
Need An Attorney to Create a License for Software?
Elizabeth Lewis is an experienced software licensing attorney in Denver. If you have questions about how to create a license for a software, Contact the Law Office of E.C. Lewis today!
by eclewis | Sep 29, 2014 | Business News
If you are thinking about starting a new business, or just thought of an idea for a business, many people think someone out there is already doing it and that they should not bother. Instead of stopping there, why not spend just a few moments putting this idea to the test? By taking some simple steps, you can get a basic answer to the question of whether or not someone is doing the idea that you thought of. Be sure and also take a look at How to Research Your Business Name.
Step one is easy enough, run a few searches online, with your preferred search engine, of your business idea, to see if there is someone out there using it already. If you do find something similar or related to what you had in mind, it is important to take note of just how alike these findings are to your idea. Also look at whether or not they are actively using the idea and what areas of the country they are located in. If you do not find anything using broad terms or find too many results to manage, consider narrowing your search with more specific terms or with geographical terms, to give you more precise results.
Step two is a little more tedious, but it can give you some of the most important information of all. Visit the U.S. Patent Office website to search trademarks and patents, to see if anyone has any federal protections on ideas for slogans, symbols, inventions, and others.
To search through the trademark database, go to http://tmsearch.uspto.gov and run some Basic Word Mark searches. If you find something similar to your idea, follow this up with a normal online search to see if they are still an active company. You want to look and see whether or not they are actually selling or doing whatever it is they claimed is associated with the trademark. This is only the federal registry, so you will also want to take a look at your state’s registry too. Colorado’s can be found at http://www.sos.state.co.us/biz/BusinessEntityCriteriaExt.do, and this will search business names and trademarks. Remember that when it comes to trademarks, there are federal, state, and common law protections available to be considered.
To search the federal patent register, go to http://appft.uspto.gov/netahtml/PTO/ and click on Quick Search under Patents. Now try running different terms based on your business idea to see if someone has already patented what you had in mind. Remember that in order to be patentable, the idea must be an invention or improvement to an existing invention that is useful, novel, non-obvious, adequately described or enabled, and claimed by the inventor in clear and definite terms.
Copyrighted works can also be useful things to search through if your business idea involves any creative works. You can visit http://copyright.gov/eco/ and search their database. This database will only search the national registry, meaning someone must have registered their copyright for it to be here (which is not required), so it is important to note that this search is not exhaustive. However, this is still an important place to check regardless.
If you do not turn up any results that are similar using the various search engines and techniques described here, this is good news, but keep in mind that these are basic searches and it is recommended that you speak with an attorney to discuss if more thorough searching is necessary. Nevertheless, the information you obtained will still be helpful in determining what your next step should be.
On the other hand, if you did find someone is already doing what you had in mind, do not give up! Start thinking about a different approach to whatever the existing business is selling or doing, so you can continue refining your entrepreneurial ideas. Keep in mind that you can always consider sitting down with an attorney to explore the level of differences necessary to move forward with your business and protect you against related businesses already operating.
If you have any questions about your findings or you are ready to take the next step in starting your business or protecting your business idea, contact the Law Office of E.C. Lewis PC, home of your Denver Business Lawyer, Elizabeth Lewis, 720-258-6647 or email her at Elizabeth.Lewis@eclewis.com.
by eclewis | Sep 23, 2014 | Business News
Last year, Colorado, with the passage of HB 13-1138, the “Public Benefit Corporation Act of Colorado,” joined a growing minority of states that have passed legislation enabling the incorporation of “benefit corporations.” Benefit corporations are a corporation that can be structured as a C-corporation or S-corporation but are specifically committed to benefitting the public, in addition to making profits. Directors of benefit corporations are charged with balancing the interests of shareholders with the interests associated with supporting public benefits. This legislation allows both new and existing corporations to become benefit corporations.
These public benefits can include educational, environmental, charitable, religious, cultural, scientific, and other types of publicly beneficial causes. However, benefit corporations are able to state more than one cause that they wish to support. This can allow for some flexibility within the company in the kinds of goals they will support.
Some well-known examples of benefit corporations include Patagonia, Etsy, and Warby Parker. Here in Colorado, GoLite, a Boulder-based outdoor apparel and equipment company, New Belgium, the Fort Collins-based brewery, and others have decided to become benefit corporations.
While many corporations feel that charitable giving is part of their social responsibility and choose to give to such causes without being a benefit corporation, shareholders of benefit corporations are given the unique power to take legal action against the management of the benefit corporation if they are not producing public benefits. Conversely, it is rare, if not impossible, for shareholders of regular corporations to be able to take such legal action over charitable or public benefits foregone by a regular corporation.
Some see the development of benefit corporations as an exciting new era that demonstrates a commitment to corporate social responsibility. Others view them as potentially tying the hands of corporate management, especially if the company hits hard times, since regular corporations can still choose to give charitably. As a result, it will be interesting to see how these benefit corporations change the corporate world and how it will effect how companies try to generate both profits and public benefits.
If you have questions about setting up a corporation of any kind, be sure to contact the Law Office of E.C. Lewis P.C., home of your Denver Business Lawyer, Elizabeth Lewis, 720-258-6647 or email her at Elizabeth.Lewis@eclewis.com.
by eclewis | Aug 14, 2014 | Business News
New businesses and entrepreneurship are on the rise in the Centennial State. The Quarterly Business and Economic Indicators Report from the Secretary of State’s office, covering the second quarter of this year, has shown that new business entity filings have increased 4 percent compared to second quarter of 2013. This also represents a 4.8 percent increase overall for the past 12 months, when compared to the previous 12 month period.
Other positive trends for the second quarter include higher employment levels in Colorado and nationwide, as well as an increased rate of renewal filings of existing entities. Renewal filings increased 3.9 percent in the second quarter from the first quarter of this year. These and other economic indicators led to the predictions within the report for continued employment and economic growth for the next two quarters of this year thanks to new jobs from startups and growing businesses.
The report specifically projected more increases in filings over the third quarter of this year as well. While these filings are projected to slow down some during the fourth quarter of the year, as they typically do, they are nevertheless expected to be higher this year than last year’s final quarter.
Business Insider also recently ranked all 50 state economies growth rate by comparing them across eight economic indicators like unemployment, gross domestic product, average wages, and size of the working age population. Colorado earned the top spot on their list at #1 due to being within the top fifteen states in all eight of their metrics, as well as having a highly diversified economy. This further signals a growing economy for Colorado.
On June 9th, the Secretary of State announced a filing fee holiday for new business entity filings, which reduces the fees from $50 to $1. The holiday was prompted by budgetary surpluses with the Secretary of State’s Office and it will continue through the rest of the summer. After the summer, the fee will be reevaluated on a monthly basis. This holiday, when combined with the already positive economic trends that are being forecasted for the state, may help spark additional business formation and growth here in Colorado.
Now is a great time to consider starting or expanding your own business with the positive outlook of Colorado’s economy behind you, as well as reduced new business filing fees. In order to get started, be sure to reach out to the Law Office of E.C. Lewis PC, home of your Denver Business Lawyer, Elizabeth Lewis, 720-258-6647 or email her at Elizabeth.Lewis@eclewis.com.
by eclewis | Jul 1, 2014 | Business News
The results from CNBC’s ranking of America’s Top States for Business are in. After analyzing and comparing each state across fifty-six different business metrics, each state was assigned points in ten major categories to determine their ultimate ranking. Colorado came out with a ranking of #8 in the nation overall. You can take a look at the full report here.
Looking at some of the ten primary ranking categories, Colorado received the following rankings. Colorado ranked first for Access to Capital, which looks at the availability of venture capital and small business loans. For Workforce, which accounts for the quality and availability of workers, it came in 5th. Colorado ranked 8th for Economy, which examined the growth, job creation, and health of the real estate market. Colorado also came in at 9th in Technology & Innovation, which factored in the number of new ideas and capacity to support them within the state, and 12th in Quality of Life, which was scored by looking at crime, healthcare, and recreational considerations.
Colorado was specifically described in CNBC’s report as being “focused on innovation,” having a workforce that is “dynamic” and that capital for businesses was “abundant.” The Centennial State’s strong business performance evidenced by this report shows that there is no better time than the present to start or grow your business right here in Colorado.
If you are ready to get started, you can contact the Law Office of E.C. Lewis, PC, home of your Denver Small Business Lawyer, Elizabeth Lewis at 720-258-6647 or email her at elizabeth.lewis@eclewis.com.
